Free VMware vSphere Interview Guide
In this free vBeginners guide, I’ll share a list of 25 VMware interview questions and answers that I’ve crafted to screen for the best technical talent to manage and support VMware vSphere.
If you’re new to vSphere let me take a moment and recommend my new guide to the best VMware training for beginners. This guide covers in detail job opportunities, career planning, and video training that takes you step by step through the setup, configuration, and management of vSphere environments.
Now let’s get back to our guide about vSphere interview questions…
Why is my list any different from the hundreds of others on the web?
Well, first of all, it’s not a VCP test brain dump…
Secondly, these interview questions are carefully crafted to narrow the talent pool to the most qualified, not the most memorized.
These interview questions require hands on experience to answer!
VMware Technical Interview Questions
The list of questions below is intentionally broken up into 5 groups:
- System Requirements for ESXi 5.5/6,x/7.x
- ESXi 5.5/6.x/7.x Installation
- System Requirements for vCenter
- vCenter Installation
- Managing vSphere Resources
These 5 groups will test for technical proficiency that an experienced VMware administrator will [or should have].
The list is also what I use when interviewing someone at an administrator-level with basic VMware skills, who will manage the day-to-day support, build, and provisioning of:
- vCenter
- ESXi hosts
- virtual servers
- virtual networks
- virtual storage
Note: This list of questions may also be used for screening vSphere Engineers or Architects.
Interview Like A Rockstar!
There’s always someone in every interview who asks hard technical questions. For more information about setting up vSphere and ESXi, I’ve put together a list of the best VMware books that cover vSphere, Horizon, vCenter, VCP Exams, and more.
System Requirements for ESXi
- Your company has a bunch of unused server hardware, and you have been asked to build a vSphere environment. But before you start you want to make sure it is supported by the ESXi version you plan to install. Where would you find a list of hardware that is supported?
Answer: You would check the VMware Compatibility Guide http://www.vmware.com/resources/compatibility/
- Your hardware is on the compatibility list, and now you need to know the minimum CPU and memory requirement of an ESXi host when building a 64bit OS that will take full advantage of ESXi features?
Answer: 2 CPU Cores and 8 GB memory (bare minimum)
- Before you start installing software what must be enabled in the server BIOS to run ESXi?
Answer: The NX/XD bit needs to be enabled.
- You also have an old pile of network adapters to choose from. Where would you find a list of network adapters (NIC) that are supported by the version of ESXi you are installing?
Answer: You would check the VMware Compatibility Guide (same link as above)
- One of the servers you found wasn’t on the list, and now you have a problem that is causing ESXi to the purple screen, so you call VMware for support. What would happen if they found out your hardware was not supported?
Answer: When hardware is not supported there are known issues that will happen, and VMware cannot help to resolve problems due to unsupported hardware.
Unpacking the ESXi hardware interview questions.
Why are these questions about server hardware important?
Since 2006 I have had the awful job of having to clean up behind admins that would build vCenter and ESX/ESXi on any hardware they found. I’m guilty of it myself!
This is not only bad practice, but it also leads to unplanned maintenance and costly outages that impact users and customers.
ESXi will run on just about any hardware but that doesn’t mean it should.
An experienced vSphere admin will know better than to waste time (and a costly license) trying to run a 64bit OS on a server that doesn’t support it.
ESXi Installation Qs
- You’ve done this a hundred times. What are 3 methods that can be used when doing an Interactive ESXi installation?
Answer: Boot from a CD/DVD, boot from a USB, and PXE boot from a deployment server on the network.
- After so many ESXi builds, you have figured out a faster way to do the install using a script. What’s the main difference between an interactive ESXi installation and a scripted installation?
Answer: The interactive install will require you to follow along and fill in the configuration information whereas, in a scripted install, the configuration information will be queried from an unattended text file (boot.cfg). Note: ESXi uses a Kickstart installer similar to Linux.
- You can install ESXi in your sleep. What is the command to access the installer window on ESXi 5.5/6.x?
Answer: Shift+O will get you to the runweasel command prompt.
- Darn, one of your servers is not loading. What’s the first thing to double-check when having a problem installing ESXi?
Answer: Make sure the hardware clock is set to UTC, and the NX/XD bit is enabled in the BIOS.
- You’ve typed this stuff in a million times. Name 5 of the 10 bits of information required when installing ESXi?
Answer: Keyboard Layout, VLAN ID, IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, Pri DNS, Sec DNS, Host Name, Installation Location, Root Password.
Now let’s unpack VMware interview questions about ESXi Installations.
ESXi is easy to install and set up; however, problems do arise when there are different admins or teams building out environments that share the same network, storage, and server resources. It is essential to have a standard build process, so all hosts are built the same way every time.
Finding a good vSphere admin who can follow your standard, someone who can answer these basic questions is a good start.
VMware Jobs Near You
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See trending blockchain startup jobs like these…
System Requirements for vCenter
- You decided not to run the vCenter appliance. What are the minimum hardware requirements for a vCenter 5.x/6.x server?
Answer: It depends on whether other vSphere services such as single sign-on, inventory service, and the database will be running on the same hardware with vCenter.
- You’re going to upgrade vCenter, and the old vCenter is running on Windows Server 2003. What Windows Operating System is required for vCenter 5.x/6.x?
Answer: Windows 2008 SP2
- You’re creating a list of ports you need the network admin to open the firewall. What is port 902 used for on vCenter?
Answer: Port 902 is the default port vCenter uses to send data to hosts managed by vCenter.
- The old vCenter was running MS SQL Express, but you are building 10 ESXi hosts. What’s the difference between using MS SQL Server Express and MS SQL Server for vCenter?
Answer: MS SQL Server Express is for vSphere installations with up to 5 ESXi hosts and 50 virtual servers.
- Your new boss doesn’t like MS SQL and asked you to use Oracle. Does vCenter support Oracle 11c or 12c?
Answer: Yes, but the JDBC driver must be installed manually.
Let’s review vCenter Interview Questions.
vCenter is at the heart of vSphere, and when it’s not correctly set up there will be problems!
These problems may be as small as frustrated admins who can’t access and support virtual servers from a central management console. Or as large as a full-blown outage and corruption of the vCenter database.
For example, if a vSphere clouds grows too fast the additional load on hardware and system resources can cause performance problems that in worst cases can require a complete rebuild of vCenter on bigger hardware. Fortunately, each ESXi host can be managed separately if central management via vCenter is lost.
An experienced vSphere admin who can answer these questions will likely know this workaround.
Managing vCenter Resources
Before we dive into the final 10 questions, I want to stress how important finding a team player that will work closely with storage and network admins really is.
Tip! Pay close attention for any sign that the person you are interviewing does not think he/she owns your vSphere Cloud!
Storage is everything!
- You’ve learned over the years there’s more to vSphere than the server hardware. What other 2 resources are as important as servers and need to be properly planned out when designing and building a vSphere Cloud?
Answer: Storage and network resources are crucial for all vSphere Clouds.
- VMware vSphere gives you options. What are the 4 typical ways storage can be added to a vSphere?
Answer: Storage can be added via iSCSI, FC, NFS, and local disk (including DAS).
- When setting up a new datastore how many VMFS file systems should be created per LUN?
Answer: The best practice is to only create 1 VMFS file system per LUN.
- What is the best plan for a storage failure that impacts multiple datastores?
Answer: Always have a backup of the VMs on a separate storage environment that can be used to restore the lost virtual servers.
- Your host is a beast, dual-socket with 8 core CPUs and 192 GB of memory. How many virtual servers can be added to a 1TB datastore?
Answer: It depends on the size of the VMs and the performance of the storage. Higher performing storage can be filled to capacity, but space should be left for data growth and snapshots. A datastore should never be allowed to fill up 100%.
Unpacking these VMware Storage Qs.
Managing storage in a vSphere is an important job that can get junior vSphere admins in big trouble!
Regardless of the protocol (iSCSI, NFS, FC), it requires a certain skill set which only comes with time and experience. Every new ESXi host which is added to vSphere requires someone to know how to balance the workloads across various storage tiers: local disk, SATA, SAS, and SSD (depending on the needs of the environments and applications).
Far too many new VMware admins have learned the hard way that “Not all storage is the same” and very quickly a junior admin can cause an outage on a business critical database server simply by vMotioning a VM to a datastore that looks empty.
Networking is everything, too!
- This is a tough VMware interview question created just for you. Name 4 things that happen on the VMkernel networking layer?
Answer: vMotion, IP storage (iSCSI/NFS), Fault Tolerance, and Virtual SAN.
- You have a VCP, so this should be an easy interview question. What are 2 ways a vSphere admin can separate traffic from distinct environments (ex. Production and test) on the same hosts?
Answer: Either by creating separate vSwitches using dedicated NICs or if NICs are not available by creating separate port groups using different VLAN IDs on the same vSwitch.
- True or false. A Distributed Virtual Switch is very much like a physical switch that detects which VMs are logically connected to each port and uses that information to forward network traffic. Hint: It is not used for monitoring and administration across a data center.
Answer: False. A Distributed Virtual Switch acts as a single switch across all hosts in a data center to provide centralized provisioning, administration, and monitoring of virtual networks.
- Another True or false. NIC teams are “normally” put in active/active mode to allow fail-over in the event of a hardware failure.
Answer: False again. NIC teams are usually put in active/standby mode to allow fail-over in the event of a hardware failure. You can use active/active but this would not be standard and would require port channeling at the physical switch.
- This is a trick question so think about it! How many physical NICs are needed in an ESXi host for hosting 25 virtual servers on iSCSI storage split between 2 diverse environments (web/app)?
Answer: The answer is purely subjective. It depends on how much separation is needed for performance and the level of redundancy built into the design for hardware failure. At the minimum, maybe 2 (1 for data and 1 for VMkernel) but more should be used.
And finally, let’s review the Network Questions.
Since 2007, I estimate 80% of all the VMware problems I have dealt with were network or storage related. That’s not to say it was the network or storage admin’s fault. No, in most cases it was the VMware admins fault for not communicating and adequately calculating the requirements before he/she asked for IP addresses or storage LUNs.
Like I said in the beginning. These questions are not for practicing to take a VCP test. They are designed to gauge the level of experience someone who is applying for your VMware admin or engineer job has before you give them the keys to start managing your company’s jewels.
More IT Interview Questions:
- 3 Tough Technical Project Manager Interview Questions & Answers
- 10 Tough Incident Manager Interview Questions
- Why Storage Engineer Skills Are HOT! (Can You Say Big Data?)
What’s next?
I hope these VMware interview questions have been helpful!
You don’t need to use them all … maybe asking one question from each group during the screening call to start and then have your technical team unload the rest of the face-to-face interview?
Also, if you noticed, I didn’t add any questions about managing VMs. It’s because someone who can answer most or all 25 VMware questions will surely have experience deploying and supporting virtual servers.
That’s not all. I’m sure your technical team will have a few whoppers of their own!
- Reference: VMware vSphere Documentation
- Free: Download these VMware Interview Questions in PDF
- Check out SysProbs for: Technical vSphere Interview Questions
- VMware for Beginners: Collection of 16 Virtualization Basics
Need an experienced Pro to screen your VMware applicants? Contact me on LinkedIn!
Please feel free to share or link to this list of 25 VMware interview questions and answers.
I Need Your HELP!
Please help keep this list updated by sharing your own interview questions and answers or where guests can find up-to-date information. All relevant comments with links and comments will be approved. Thanks for your help!
Hello Joe,
I am Shri Harsha , Presently working as a Linux System engineer in IBM supporting many SuSE & Redhat servers which are virtual host and hence managing VMWare VCenter to upgrade , Reboot and managing servers. I request you to guide me which is the best VMWare training and certification I can take so that I can move into VMWare side.
Hi Shri – glad to hear you want to learn VMware!
Probably the VCD6-DCV or the VCD6-CMA is the place to start but I recommend you checkout VMware’s website to see which role(s) fit you. Here’s the link: https://www.vmware.com/learning/certification.html
VMware now offers a lot of trainings and Certificates for different job types: Server, Desktops, Cloud, Network, etc…
The other item I would point out is they require “VMware Approved” training for their Certs, so make sure any training you get is VMware Approved, or it will not count towards their certificates.
Then, there are CBT Nuggets and Pluralsight if you want on demand online training. Here’s another post for you to check out: https://www.vbeginners.com/it-training-for-beginners/
One final tip. With a Linux background you might also want to consider OpenStack training along with VMware training. Check out this post: https://www.vbeginners.com/openstack-skills/
Thanks for the comment, Shri.
I hope this helps you.
Joe
Hello Joe,
I am new to Vmware. I am working in windows server support but I am VCP certified. Many times I attend interviews but never get lucky as I don’t have hands on experience. I failed in many interviews on few basic questions.
1) Please explain your virtual environment?
2) Prepare Map for virtual Infrastructure with given resources.(Host, RAM, Storage, Network, etc)
Could you please tell me the above two answers!
Hi Ajay,
Thanks for the comment.
If it was me in the interview this is how I would answer both questions. I would ask to use their white board and then I would get up and draw for them how the typical vSphere environment is designed.
First, I would draw a couple of ESXi hosts with the NICs connected to a couple of switches. Then if it was iSCSI storage I would add a storage LUN connected to the switches. Then within the ESXi host I would draw a couple of vSwitches connected to the NICs. This would cover the basics for the first question, “explain your virtual environment”.
Second, I would cover how VMs are created and connected to the host. I would draw the VMDK sitting in the LUN which is now a data store, and then I would explain how the VM is configured with 2 vCPUs and 4 GB of memory and the compute and system state are virtually running on the ESXi host. I would also explain how the VM connects to the public network through a vNIC that connects to a vSwitch. This, I think answer the second question, “Prepare Map for virtual Infrastructure with given resources.(Host, RAM, Storage, Network, etc)”.
Ajay, what most IT Managers are looking for is a person who can:
1. Build and support vSphere infrastructure.
2. Build and support VMs.
As a beginner you would most likely not be designing the architecture but rather you would be following an existing design. This is true unless there are issues going on and then you would be calling VMware support and working with them to troubleshoot errors on network, storage or host, which is why managers want someone to understand how a vSphere is configured.
Here’s what I suggest:
1. Build a lab and start getting hands on setting up ESXi. It can be done on old desktops with a free ESXi license. You need to be able to explain this like you have done it a 100 times because this is the basic role of most VMware jobs.
2. If you don’t have the resources to build a lab then check out VMware’s free labs at: … either way practice, practice, practice!
3. Practice drawing what a basic vSphere configuration looks like. Like I explained above, there’s a couple of hosts, switches and LUNs; and all the magic happens within them so don’t be afraid to get up and draw on the white board how it all fits together. This is a very powerful interview tip so use it to impress the interview panel.
4. Be prepared because there will always be someone in the interview panel who wants to show off how smart they are so be ready to answer detailed technical questions about vSphere, storage and networking. This is stuff you should know if you passed the VCP test. Also, if you don’t know the answer just tell them “I don’t know the answer but I am sure I can figure it out using Google or reading the documentation.”
5. If you are good at scripting make sure you let them know about it. If you are asked if you have any questions here’s what you say: “What type of automation are you using for provisioning your VMs?” Or “Do you use any automation for deploying ESXi, what type?” Then let them talk about what they are doing for automation. Listen, don’t talk! Then when they are done share your scripting or coding experience and how it fits into what they are doning. Good VMware admins who can script are rare because they can automate and this is what most managers’ dream of.
6. Finally, if you haven’t already read it, check out my free VMware Career Guide for Beginners: https://www.vbeginners.com/vmware-career-guide/
Good Luck and please let me know how things go in your next interview?
Joe
Thank you very much Joe.. I will prepare for it as you guide me..My interview is schedule on coming Wednesday hope I’ll get clear it… Thanks again for your wonderful guidance! Trust me it’s help me a lot.
Good! 🙂
Joe,
If you have any sample Map of virtual infrastructure. Could you please send me ? So that I can explain with help of map..
Hi Ajay,
It needs to come out of you, otherwise you will not be able to explain it.
I suggest you Google these topics:
– vsphere setup diagram
– vsphere whiteboard
When I did a search I found a lot of images of diagrams and whiteboard sessions. You can also look on Youtube.
Pick something you understand and keep it simple.
Joe
am sharan , Presently working as a System engineer in Teamcomputers.i want to learn Vmware.i am totally unaware of this virtualisation I request you to guide me which is the best VMWare training and certification I can take so that I can move into VMWare side.
Hi Sharan,
Thank you for your question.
I wrote a post a while back to help beginners, start here: https://www.vbeginners.com/vmware-certification/
Then if you want to get a quick introduction to VMware I suggest you try out Udeny while they are having their Black Friday Discount. You can get a few VMware training courses for $10 each. Here’s a link to the discount page: Udeny Discount
You can also check out my Free eBook
Good Luck!
Joe
Hi Joe –
I Am Windows Prof- With Having Experience 6+ and Recently VCP Certified .
Can you please share Interview questions or guide what to Prepare For.
Hi Joe,
Nice day to you!
I need to understand how to clearly and practically explain with example, what must and should run on VMware HA and DRS cluster (considering 5.x) and with real examples.
Thanks
Regards
Raj Navalgund
how vmware is related to linux administrator??
what is meant by partgroup
Thanks for the post Joe, this helps me prepare for my interviews.
Hi joe,
i am working as VMware admin i wood like to move cloud, it is usefull for Vmware admin.
Hi Suresh – Yes, understanding how public cloud services operate is a good skill to have because eventually you will need to build a few VMs on AWS or Google for something, even if it’s only for setting up active directory.
Hey Joe,
Why do you mainly focus on information that could easily be found on Google instead of things that would actually be useful such as troubleshooting methods.
Cheers,
Rob
Hi Rob – Great question!
My preference is making sure I am hiring talent who can design and build a solid vSphere which by the way is not as easy as it sounds.
I’ve consulted for a number of very large companies that had VMware admins who did all manner of crazy deployments of ESXi, Xen and KVM – and all ended up oversubscribed and having performance problems due to various server, storage and network problems.
So for me – finding someone with a solid grasp on design and construction is key to avoiding problems later.
Rob, don’t get me wrong, finding someone with excellent troubleshooting skills is also important – but I find it easier to troubleshoot with Google than to use Google for understanding basic capacity planning or building scalable private clouds.
Thanks for the comment!
Joe
Hey Joe,
First of all I would like to say that your post will be very helpful for my upcoming interviews. Secondly, I am simply a windows desktop support engineer with 8 years of experience and completed VCP6-DCV just few days back. I don’t have have any real time experience in VMWARE but very much interested to indulge myself into vmware administrator job role. As no companies entertain me with zero experience, you are requested to give me some overviews of one vmware admin’s daily activities and how the infrastructure is been made and maintained. I always get frightened to face any interview because of this reasons. Please help me by providing some probable questions types too.
Hi Soumya,
Here’s 5 things that go on in the normal day for a VMware admin:
1. Day to day Ops to keep Windows and Linux servers running. Which means watching for alerts for memory, cpu and disk space. And it can include patching the OS and updating VMtools.
2. Handling problems that happen when VM disks fill up or a VM runs slow from not enough memory or cpu.
3. Handling tickets to build new VMs, this is still a normal task in places that are not automated yet.
4. Helping upgrade and keep the ESXi hosts patched, as well as building more ESXi host as needed.
5. Working with storage and networking staff to keep infrastructure from getting oversubscribed. This is very important!
Aside from these 5 duties, I would suggest you do a job search, here’s a link: http://jobs.vbeginners.com and see what hiring managers are looking for and then start building skills in these areas.
This will get you started!
Thanks for the question.
Joe
Thank you so much for the precise and to the point answers. I will definitely follow the steps which you suggested.
Hi Can you Please guide for VCP exam and questions for VMware 6
Hi Joe, I am also one of the VmWare Enthusiast, your comments are most useful to all beginners thanks a lot to given above views and suggestions.
HI Joe,
My name is Ajeet Yadav and recently to took training in VMware and I am fresher. So any company will hire freshers or not? I have 2.7 years experience in Technical support in IT field. And also it is important to do certification in VMware?
Hi Ajeet,
It looks like you’re on the right track if your goal is to move from technical support to a systems admin for VMware.
Look, many companies want hands on experience managing vSphere so just getting training isn’t enough.
Here’s a couple of ideas for you to get hands on.
1. If you know people at your current job who are already VMware admins ask them if you can volunteer and help with the jobs most VMware admin don’t like doing, like patching and updating vNics.
2. Another idea is to build a home lab and start installing vSphere over and over. You can use old PCs to do this. Sign up for a 2 week trial of vSphere at VMware.com and get going.
Ajeet, the key is to get hands on with ESXi and learn how it works and breaks. Something is always going wrong, usually because it was setup wrong and then someone has to figure out how to fix it.
3. Read my blog, there’s a lot of useful information and also check out my books because they both give a broad view of what VMware admin do.
https://www.vbeginners.com/managers-guide-vmware-vsphere/
https://www.vbeginners.com/vmware-vsphere-troubleshooting-guide/
4. Finally, read my free guide for beginners.
https://www.vbeginners.com/vmware-career-guide/
Ajeet, there are no shortcuts to developing hands on skills!
Good luck
Joe
Hello Joe,
It was really awesome the way you are responding and sharing knowledge to people. Happy to get know about this page. I appreciate for your efforts and come back to you for any queries from my side.
Cheers,
Shabber
Hi Joe,
Good day !!!
First I would like to thank you. And your comments are very useful.
I am also one of the VmWare Enthusiast, and am intersted to learn automation things in VMware. So requesting you to kindly share me some vShpere automation study URLs.
Thank you
Regards,
Kalai
Thank you so much for the post .. Really it will help us
I have my second round of interview with vmware tomorrow and am quite nervous.
First Round was also technical and i think second round is going to be technical too on Skype this time.
need your suggestions or what should i prepare more.
Profile is for Vmware Admin.
Hi Puneet,
That’s awesome news. My suggestion is to focus on what was in the job description. And also be ready to go deep on networking, storage and vCenter. And if NSX is or VSAN are involved, be ready to explain how they work. Finally, it would be good to know key commands that are used on ESXi for installation and troubleshooting. Please let us know how it goes!
Good luck, Puneet!
Joe
Hi Joe,
Am a beginner and wanted to learn VMware and want to understand each concept in a detailed way.
Which books or website I need to be referred, for an online course I don’t have enough money as am unemployed right now.
Please help me…
Hi Kashif,
Sorry to hear you are out of a job right now. I’m sure you will find something soon!
Here’s a link to online training and some are FREE so you can learn about vSphere. https://www.vbeginners.com/it-training-for-beginners/
I also recommend just going to the VMware.com website and reading the documentation, forums, and FAQs. Learn about the products and how they are used.
There are a lot of good topics going on. Join their community and see who you meet that can help you.
Download the trial versions of vSphere and VMware Workstation and get familiar with how these virtual machine software programs work.
There are enough FREE resources online that will help you get started if you really want to learn so don’t let anything stop you from moving forward, OK?
Good Luck Kashif
Joe
Who can help me?
I installed VMware and create a virtual machine. After that, I set up a new windows version without removing VMware.
Now I see that I can’t use that 50 GB of my hard drive and I even can’t use or see that part of my drive.
Please help – how can I add this part of my drive?
Many thanks.
Hello Yosef,
Thanks for leaving your comment.
Sounds like your controller is not recognized but lets see if someone else can assist you with more instructions.
Does anyone else want to help Yosef with this issue?
Thanks,
Joe
Hi Joe Sanchez,
I am Asif Khan, currently working as sysadmin on windows, and willing to work as L2 VMware Admin, I have my lab setup which is well configured with VMware products, here my question is to get a job at L2 VMware Admin, what skill sets the interviewers would be looking for? and what would be the Roles & Responsibilities of an L2 VMware administrator?
Thanks in Advance…
kindly reply
Hi Asif,
Over the years many of my team have been L2 VMware Admins and the role is a balance of building and supporting all the backend vSphere infrastructure. This includes all the hands on handling of hardware, patching and support. And depending on the company, it could also include all the networking and storage. Most VMware shops have started allowing/expecting their VMware Admins to handle the vSphere stack from the hardware all the way up to managing and supporting the individual VMs. So in today’s world, you not only need to understand vSphere, vSAN, NSX, but also Cisco Networking, plus SAN and NFS storage technologies. L2 would generally be more of an operations role but most shops also expect L2 admins to do more than supporting and building VMs.
The bottom line is you should be able to build and support vSphere from vCenter up to the ESXi hosts and VMs, as well as:
1. Setup up and configure distributed networks and virtual storage.
2. Build and support Windows and Linux VMs.
3. Troubleshoot performance, network, storage and application issue on VMs.
4. Troubleshoot errors, crashes, storage, and network problems on the host.
5. Handle all patching of VMware products and the OS running on the VMs.
This list will get you started.
Good luck.
Joe
First of all, thank you for sharing these questions, however, I feel networking questions are missing.